Organic Chemistry ΙΙ

Carbonyl and hetero-carbonyl compounds; Biomolecules

Objectives

• Aim of the lectures is the understanding of the chemistry of carbonyl compounds and bio-molecules in order to follow biochemistry and the other biological lectures in the semesters ahead. • The student should understand the basic concepts on and their use in order to be able to solve organic chemistry problems. • Additionally he should know how to prepare standard analytical solutions, calibration curves, chromatographic techniques, isolation and preparation of simple organic compounds • The aim is to develop the critical thinking of students away from any thought memorization of knowledge.

Prerequisites

• Basic knowledge in chemistry

Syllabus

1. Carbonyl compounds: Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivates (anhydrites, chlorides, amides, esters, anions), carbonic acid and derivates (urea, phosgene, etc). 2. Reactions of carbonyl compounds, for example with: • Alcohols • Amines • Esterification • a-acidic hydrogen • Knoevenagel reaction • Cannizzaro reaction • Grignard reaction • Reaction to diazonium salts • Heteroanalogous carbonyl-compounds 3. Amino acids. Properties and protection of amino and carboxylic group. Synthesis of peptides in the liquid and solid phase. Mechanisms 4. Carbohydrates. Mono- and Disaccharide. Cyclic form of sugars, epimers and anomers, α- and β- forms of sugars. Reaction of sugars. Polysaccharides 5. Lipids and oils 6. Heterocyclic compounds with one, two or three nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen atoms. Nucleic acids