Endocrine Glands

The course covers a wide range of issues relating to the piece of endocrinology. It deals with all the organs of the endocrine system showing handsomely basics of anatomy and physiology, focusing on pathologies. Specifically, epidemiological data, diagnostic approaches, differential diagnosis of diseases and therapeutic approaches to diseases are mentioned and analysed.

Objectives

The aim of the course is to help the audience to become familiar with the endocrine system and the basic principles governing the function. To become well known of basic knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the organs that compose it and to understand the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diseases. Additional a main objective is learning the diagnostic approach of patients with endocrine problems, differential diagnosis of diseases, the options of treatment that a doctor can have as well as indications and contraindications of these options.

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisite courses.

Syllabus

Hypothalamus – Pituitary Axis: Teaching of Axis’ Anatomy, Physiology, physiological function, hormone secretion and action, teaching of its regulation in peripheral endocrine glands, disease entities on the axis(hypo-function, primary - secondary overactivity, hypothalamic diseases, pituitary diseases, adenomas of pituitary, clinical manifestation, endocrinology of reproduction). Thyroid gland: Teaching of Embryology, Anatomy, Cytology, Physiology, physiological function of the gland, iodine uptake and metabolism, secretion and action of thyroid hormones, disease entities on the gland (hypo-function - overactive, goiter, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, thyroiditis, and thyroid pregnancy). Metabolism Calcium - bones - Parathyroid: Teaching of Development and bone remodeling, calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, hypo-functional- overactive parathyroid glands, n. Paget, osteoporosis. Adrenals: Teaching of Anatomy, Physiology, physiological function of adrenal secretion and action of hormones (glucocorticoids - mineralocorticoids - catecholamines), hyperactivity (s.Cushing), underactivity (v. Addison), endocrine hypertension. Diabetes Mellitus - Metabolic syndrome - Lipids - Obesity: Teaching of Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis Diabetes. Treatment, acute and chronic complications, hypoglycaemia. About lipoproteins, lipoprotein metabolism, primary, secondary dislipidaimia, treatment. About obesity and complications.