Unit Operations

Analysis and design of the processes and the equipment relating to momentum transfer and heat transfer phenomena.

Objectives

By the end of the course,students should be able to perform complex flow calculations in piping, dimensioning pumps and heat exchangers.

Prerequisites

It is required for the students to be able to perform basic chemical engineering calculations such as fluid flow and heat transfer basic calculations.

Syllabus

Fluid flow in pipelines: Introduction, definitions and basic concepts. Dimensional Analysis. Fluids staticsand applications. Fluid flow phenomena. Basic equations of fluid flow: Mass Balance, Differential and macroscopic momentum equilibrium, mechanical energy equilibrium. Corrections to the Bernoulli equation for the effects of solid boundary surfaces, the kinetic energy of the stream and friction. Incompressible flow in pipes and channels. Relationship between skin friction and shear, friction coefficient. Laminar flow of Newtonian fluids. Velocity distribution in turbulent flow. Friction due to changes in speed and direction. Minor losses. pipes, fittings and pumps. Drop head height. Suction height and cavitation. Power consumption, different kinds and features of pumps . Heat transfer in fluids: Heat transfer by conduction. Principles of heat flow in fluids. Typical heat exchangers. Energy balance. Heat flux density and heat transfer coefficients. Average temperature of fluid stream. Integration of the total area, average logarithmic temperature difference. Partial heat transfer coefficients and calculation of total heat transfer factor. Heat transfer to fluids without phase change: forced convection in laminar and turbulent flow. Equipment for heat exchange. One path and multipath shell and tube heat exchangers.