Air Pollution Control Technologies: Particulate Matter

he course (theory and laboratory) AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES: PARTICULATE MATTER seeks to help students understand and practically familiarize with the design of various air pollution control technologies that focus on particulate matter. The course covers the following topics: Gravity Settling Chambers, Cyclone Separators, Fabric Filtration, Wet Scrubbers, Electrostatic Precipitators, Determination of particulate matter emissions from stationary sources. The courses provide students with the theoretical background to understand the operating principles, methodology and application of appropriate techniques. The essential goal is to inform and familiarize students with the basic processes and technologies, which they will face in the future in their working environment.

Objectives

On successful completion of this module the learner will be able to: 1. Have acquired basic knowledge concerning the operating principles, instrumentation and the use of instrumental analysis techniques to identify and quantify chemical composition systems. 2. Choose the optimal method of instrumental analysis where appropriate, with particular emphasis in environmental samples and systems 3. Gain experience in conducting laboratory experimental procedures applying instrumental analysis techniques. 4. Develop processing capabilities, evaluate and analyze experimental data. 5. Have the capacity to make technical reports. 6. Have active participation in team work.

Prerequisites

No prerequisites

Syllabus

Lectures • Mass and Energy Balances – Engineering design processes Fundamentals Particulates: Particle collection mechanisms, Fluid–particle dynamics, Particle sizing and measurement methods, Particle size distribution, Collection efficiency; Gravity Settling Chambers: Design and performance equations, Operation and maintenance, Improving performance; • Cyclone Separators: Cyclones for industrial applications, Correlations for cyclone efficiency (Lapple, Theodore & De Paola model), Correlations for cyclone pressure drop, The effect of particle loading, Cyclones in parallel (Multicyclones), Cyclones in series, Overall efficiency, Pressure drop (Alexander model), Power consumption, Costs of cyclone and auxiliary equipment; Cyclone Separators: Correlations for cyclone efficiency (Muschelknautz model); • Fabric Filtration: Principle and theory, Application (Gas cleaning, efficiency), Engineering design (Pretreatment of an emission stream, Air-to-cloth ratio, Fabric cleaning design, Baghouse configuration, Construction materials, Design range of effectiveness), System pressure drop, Power requirements, Filter bag replacement; Fabric Filtration: Types of fabric filters, Economics; • Wet Scrubbers: Operating principles of scrubbers (Particle collection (Impaction, Diffusion, Other collection mechanisms), Gas collection, Acid gas removal mechanisms, Pressure drop, Liquid-to-gas ratio), Spray towers (Particle collection, Gas collection), Ejector venturis (Particle collection, Gas collection), Maintenance problems; Wet Scrubbers: Venturi scrubbers, Efficiency correlations, Pressure drop correlations; • Electrostatic Precipitators: Theory of precipitation, Particle charging, Corona discharge, Ionization of gas molecules, Charging of particles, Electric field strength, Particle collection, Particle removal, Types of electrostatic precipitators, Energy consumption, Cost, Estimates of collection efficiency, Particle migration velocity, Deutsch-Anderson equation, Matts-Ohnfeldt equation, Resistivity, Electrical sectionalization (Field & Parallel), Estimations of collection area, Aspect ratio, Gas flow distribution, Corona power; Lab Sessions (Tutorials) • Particulate Matter Control: Equipment in series and in parallel (batteries) - Design examples and questions; • Particle Size Distribution: Logarithmic – Normal Particle Distribution; Gravity Settling Chambers: Design examples and questions; • Cyclone Separators: Efficiency with the Lapple, Theodore & De Paola model and Pressure drop calculations - Design examples and questions; Cyclone Separators: Efficiency with the Muschelknautz model - Design examples and questions; • Fabric Filtration: Baghouse configuration, Air-to-cloth ratio - Design examples and questions; Fabric Filtration: System pressure drop, Filter bag replacement - Design examples and questions; • Wet Scrubbers: Spray towers - Design examples and questions; Wet Scrubbers: Venturi scrubbers - Design examples and questions; • Electrostatic Precipitators: Design examples and questions • Particulate matter isokinetic sampling