Darwin and Wallace disputed that human beings always existed and formulate the view that the different forms of life are not stable, but change with time. Small differences transferred to the progeny (evolution). This means, that life did not always exist and at some time later presented itself. There are a lot of theories about it (the origin of life). The most important is this of RNA. The diversification of the living systems based on the different sequencing of the nucleotides of their genetic material. The change of the sequencing is a result of mutagenesis and genetic recombination (phenomena that are discussed on the molecular level mainly). The recombinant DNA technology offers complementary elements for approach and better understanding of this subject in molecular level.
Overall aim is the understanding of theory of evolution of species and the exist view about the origin of life, via study on molecular level. Finally student will has safe scientific view of the above referred theory via molecular biology and biochemistry. Additionally, student learns contemporary and useful knowledge with a lot of applications in his next life.
No specific requirements needed. Desirable the knowledge part of the lesson of “Biochemistry II” related with the nucleic acids.
1. The origin of life – Biochemical evolution 1.1. Key molecules of life 1.2. Evolution requires reproduction, variation, and selective pressure 1.3. Role of amino acids in evolution 1.4. RNA as storage form for genetic information 1.5. DNA as stable storage form for genetic information 1.6. Energy transformations for surviving of living systems 1.7. Mechanisms for adjustment of living systems in new environments 2. Mutagenesis 2.1. Basic meanings 2.2. Causes of mutagenesis 2.3. Rules for forecast successful pairing between nucleotides (or similar them) in β-structure DNA 2.4. Radiations as mutagens 2.5. Chemical mutagens 2.6. Chemical mutagens used in laboratories 2.7. Site specific mutagenesis 2.8. Types of mutations 2.9. Repair of mutations 2.10. Exercise of mutagenesis with used substrate yeast strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe 2.10.1. GENERAL PART 2.10.2. EXPERIMENTAL PART 3. Genetic recombination 3.1. Mendel's laws 3.2. General about genetic recombination 3.3. The model of homologous general genetic recombination 3.4. Site specific recombination, insertion sequences 4. Technology of recombinant DNA (or genetic engineering) 4.1. Contemporary techniques of biochemistry 4.1.1. Southern blotting 4.1.2. DNA micro-arrays (chips) 4.1.3. Gene knock out 4.2. DNA-ligases 4.2.1. General about DNA-ligases 4.2.2. DNA-ligase T4 4.3. The enzyme reverse transcriptase 4.4. Restriction enzymes (or Restriction endonucleases) 4.5. DNA-polymerases 4.5.1. Sequencing of DNA molecule 4.5.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 4.6. DNA vectors 4.6.1. Plasmids 4.6.2. Phages 4.6.2.1. The phage λ 4.6.2.2. The phage M13 4.6.3. Artificial chromosomes 4.7. Gene’s cloning (DNA cloning) 4.8. Applications of technology of recombinant DNA 4.8.1. Applications of PCR 4.8.2. Other applications of technology of recombinant DNA 4.8.2.1.cDNA expression, received from prokaryotic or eukaryotic mRNA, into bacterial cells.
Level:
Type:
Undergraduate
(A-)
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